Historically, the IHSAA has expected programs to self report. It can be triggered from a variety of sources, but will land in the lap of a school admin to make a report.
Violators may appear in the board meeting minutes on the IHSAA site.
As far as the last question, repeated violations could result in the suspension of coaches. The most famous case of that was when the Channel 13 helicopter in Indy was heading out to check traffic along 465 and 70 on the east side and the camera caught the WC team in shells practicing….head coach was suspended for 3 games, I believe?